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FAQs Pupil Promotion & Retention

Frequently asked questions (FAQs) regarding educatee promotion and retention (PPR).

The following FAQs are divided into four topics:

Local Pupil Promotion and Retentiveness (PPR) Policies and Determination Making
Parent and Guardian Rights and the Appeal Process
Supplemental Instruction
Research and Data on Promotion, Retention, and Intervention

Local PPR Policies and Conclusion Making

On what criteria should school districts base pupil promotion and retention decisions?State law requires every school district to accept a written PPR policy approved by the district'southward governing lath. Consistent with Pedagogy Code (EC) Section 48070.5(b) , a PPR policy needs to include students' grades and other indicators of bookish achievement. Students' results from the California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress (CAASPP) System may exist included equally indicators of academic accomplishment. However, CAASPP summative test score results may not be the sectional criterion for promotion or memory until the minimum performance levels required for meeting this purpose are established, pursuant to EC Section 60648 .

How can I get a copy of my school'due south PPR policy?
Country police force requires every school district and county board of education to have an approved policy on promotion and memory. Usually the school commune's superintendent'due south office is the best identify to get-go asking where a copy can be located, for a copy to exist sent to you, to suit to pick upwardly a hard copy, or to find it online.

For lease schools, the authorizing entity (commonly a local school district governing board or, more rarely, the California Land Lath of Education) has copies. If promotion and retentiveness policies were not specifically addressed in the approved lease petition, then the PPR policy of the school district in which the charter school is located becomes the school'due south policy?

I was told that the commune is required to utilise the 40th percentile on a norm-referenced examination as function of its measures for promotion and retention. I cannot substantiate this in Teaching Code.

The EC does non fix a minimum level on any local test for promotion or retention purposes. If a school district (or charter school) incorporates examination results amid other factors, including grades, in its PPR policy, so the district (or charter school) may set up minimum performance levels. Minimum STAR operation levels for promotion or retention have not been established pursuant to EC Section 60648.

May a school retain or promote a student without parent or guardian approval?
Yes, a school can retain or promote a student without parent or guardian approval. However, the district PPR policy approved by the district's school board must provide an appeal process for parents who disagree with a principal's promotion or retention determination for their student.

Do parents have any right to retain their children for lack of academic progress when the schoolhouse continues to promote the child to the next course, especially at the eye class level?
A parent has a right to appeal the decision to promote or retain a child. State law requires districts to have promotion and retention criteria for students who are in their last year of middle school (most commonly eighth grade) and are prepare to motion on to high school (EC Department 48070.5[a][5]). Therefore, the district'due south PPR policy should provide for the identification of pupils who should be retained and who are at risk of being retained in their electric current form when it is their last course before high school based on grades and other indicators of academic achievement designated by the commune (EC Department 48070.5[b]). More of import than a decision to have the educatee promoted or retained at this level is the need for the educatee to receive additional instructional intervention that volition help to amend academic operation.
Is there a high school promotion and retentivity procedure? The state does not require school districts to have student promotion and retentiveness criteria across the terminal twelvemonth of middle schoolhouse to the commencement year of high school. Yet, districts may prepare criteria for promotion for successive grades in loftier schoolhouse.
Is there a law or policy regarding the number of times a student tin be retained?
There is zippo in the EC that prohibits schoolhouse districts from retaining a child in more than than i course. Some districts' PPR policies prohibit students from repeating more than than one unproblematic class. However, schoolhouse districts are required to develop their ain PPR policies consequent with the requirements of EC Section 48070.5.
Are there state-approved forms for notifying students and parents when students are identified every bit at risk of retention, recommended for retentivity, or retained in grades one through viii? There are no country-approved forms for notifying parents when a educatee has been identified as at risk of retentiveness, recommended for retentiveness, or retained. Each school district is responsible for creating its own forms in accordance with its PPR policy.
May private schools promote or retain students a grade level?
Aye, EC Section 48070-48070.6 practice not apply to private schools. Please visit the CDE'due south Private School Web folio for more information.

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Parent and Guardian Rights and the Entreatment Process

May a school retain or promote a educatee without parent or guardian approval?
Aye, a school can retain or promote a pupil without parent or guardian approval. However, the district PPR policy approved by the district's schoolhouse board must provide an appeal procedure for parents who disagree with a principal'due south promotion or memory decision for their student.
Do parents have any right to retain their children for lack of academic progress when the school continues to promote the kid to the side by side grade, specially at the eye grade level?
Parents are required to be provided notice when their kid is identified as being at take chances of retention, as early in the schoolhouse year as practicable. A parent has a right to entreatment the decision to promote or retain a child as described in FAQ #3, beneath.
Our child'south instructor has decided that she should exist retained in the same grade next year. We practice non agree with this decision, even though the school main does agree with information technology. How can we appeal this decision?
Every school district must have a district board-adopted PPR policy that describes an entreatment procedure for challenging a educatee promotion or memory determination on the part of teachers and other district staff (EC Department 48070.five[f]).

Follow the steps outlined in the appeal process and be sure to go along a record of the steps taken to follow the procedure as well as those taken by the school district. An appeal process may require a written appeal to exist submitted within a specified number of work days later on a district'south conclusion to stride into the process. Appeals usually showtime at the school site level with the main and teacher(s) involved and go along to the district level, with the final decision on the appeal made by the district superintendent or by the district governing board. Note that the burden is on the parent equally the appealing political party to show why the promotion or retentiveness decision should exist overruled.
Even though our son was promoted to high schoolhouse, we would like him to repeat the 8th grade because we feel that he is lacking understanding in many of the cadre subjects. The high schoolhouse agrees with our determination, only the heart school and the district superintendent believe that he is set up to move on. What are my options equally a parent at this point?
The decision to retain or promote a student from the eighth grade should be based on the school commune's criteria in its PPR policy. These criteria should include grades and other assessment measures of the student'due south proficiency in reading, English language-linguistic communication arts, and mathematics. If the parent or guardian feels the student does not meet these criteria, the parent or guardian may appeal the decision by following the appeal process set forth in the same PPR policy, which may be requested in writing from the school commune. (See the respond to the prior question for more information on the appeal process.)
What legal recourse practise I have if I am convinced that the district'south PPR policy, or the mode in which it is beingness implemented by school and district staff, is violating my child'southward educational or civil rights, either through discriminatory treatment or through a failure to acquit out the district's PPR policy or the California Educational activity Code requirements pertaining to pupil promotion and retention?
California EC provides no further recourse across the appeal process in district PPR policies, and there is no direct state oversight of commune PPR policies. Withal, if you believe that the district is implementing its PPR policy in a fashion that is discriminatory in regard to your child, y'all may contact the CDE's Office of Equal Opportunity. The address is 1430 N Street, Suite 6019, Sacramento, CA 95814, and the phone number is 916-445-9174.

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Supplemental Instruction

My 10thgrader failed his 3rd quarter of Sophomore English and is currently completing unsatisfactory work. I want him to take English language again in summertime schoolhouse. Why aren't high schools required to offer summer school classes to students in danger of failing anymore?
Until 2013, SI programs, such as required summer school for students who failed the English and/or Mathematics sections of the California High School Exit Exam (CAHSEE), when the CAHSEE was nevertheless administered, were financed through state categorical funding. At that time, LCFF legislation eliminated categorical funding streams such as SI and thus the statutes associated with these funds are no longer enforceable. However, if a old categorically-funded SI program, such as summer schoolhouse, is considered to be important at the local level, it can go a documented activity in the commune'southward LCAP and become funded through LCFF. Encounter Principal Apportionment for more than information most how funds are distributed to LEAs.
My child is getting poor progress reports and failing grades this yr, withal the school is not providing interventions. What can I do so that my child receives remedial instruction?
EC section 48070.five requires that a school district's PPR policy specify the opportunities for remedial educational activity for pupils who are identified every bit being at risk for retention. Inquire at the school site or at the commune level, if necessary, for information on how your educatee tin obtain access to the opportunities for remedial educational activity that should be available to pupils under this statute.

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Research and Information on Promotion, Retention, and Intervention

Where can I obtain quality inquiry on memory, promotion, and intervention?
- Retention studies
  - Jimerson, Shane, Sarah Thou. Woehr, and Amber M. Kaufman. 2007. Grade Retention and Promotion: Information for Parents (PDF). Bethesda, Maryland: National Association for School Psychologists (accessed April 28, 2016).
    - Grade retentiveness is ane of the virtually powerful predictors of high school dropout. In adolescence, retained students are more likely to experience bug such as poor interactions with peers, disliking school, behavior problems, and lower self-esteem.
  - Learning Disabilities Association. 1998. To Promote or Retain? Pittsburgh, PA:Learning Disabilities Clan (accessed July 6, 2015).
    - The weight of the bear witness of literally hundreds of studies shows that retaining children does non produce higher achievement. Rather than flunking students, schools should provide high quality instruction for children who observe learning hard.
  - Thompson, C. and East. Cunningham. 2000. Retention and Social Promotion: Research and Implications for Policy (PDF). ERIC Digest Number 161 (accessed July six, 2015).
    - Retaining students, regardless of the grade at which they are retained, increases the likelihood that they will drop out of school. Consequent with the Chicago findings, the advantage for retained students declined each year and disappeared altogether later three years.
- Promotion studies
  - Colangelo, Nicholas, Susan Yard. Assouline, and Miraca U. M. Gross, editors. 2004. A Nation Deceived: How Schools Hold Dorsum America's Brightest Students, Book 2 (PDF). The Templeton National Report on Acceleration. Iowa City, Iowa:The University of Iowa (accessed July 6, 2015).
    - Enquiry shows that despite much positive empirical research, dispatch is still viewed unfavorably past many teachers and school administrators
  - Rogers, K. B. (2004). "The Academic Effects of Dispatch" (PDF). In A Nation Deceived: How Schools Agree Dorsum America's Brightest Students, Book 2, edited by N. Colangelo, S. Assouline, and One thousand. U. M. Gross. Iowa Urban center: The Academy of Iowa (accessed July 6, 2015).
    - Positive findings on the course skipping of gifted students "comprises one of the strongest and nigh-consistent bodies of research in the field of gifted education" (p. 55).
- Intervention resource from the CDE
  - Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS)
    - A process that provides the structure for integrating resource and implementing interventions, emphasizing both academics and behavioral/social strategies.
  - Response to Instruction and Intervention (RtIⁱⁱ)
    - RtI² is a key attribute of MTSS: when students struggle, their teachers, parents, and other relevant educators collaborate and expect at work samples and other information to explore possible causes and develop plans of intervention, so students can receive effective additional support.
Has the state collected any data regarding the number of students retained per commune, grade level, ethnicity, gender, or age?
The CDE has never collected student retentivity data in a systematic way. California EC but provides general guidelines for district-level PPR policies and requires no data reports in this area.